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Microprocessors’ Architecture, Programming, and Interfacing
微机原理及接口技术
教学大纲
课程编码：08265006
课程名称：微机原理及接口技术
英文名称：Microprocessors’ Architecture, Programming, and Interfacing
开课学期：5
学时/学分：96/6
课程类型：学科基础必修
开课专业：测控技术与仪器、电气工程及其自动化本科生
选用教材：The Intel Microprocessors: Architecture, Programming, and Interfacing
[美]Barry B.Brey，高等教育出版社，2001年8月第5版
主要参考书：
1、 吴宁主编：《微型计算机原理与接口技术》，清华大学出版社社，2002年2月第1版；
2、 薛均义主编：《微型计算机原理》，西安电子科技大学出版社，2000年第1版；
3、 王永山主编：《微型计算机原理与应用》，西安电子科技大学出版社，1999年第1版；
4、 马维华主编：《微机原理与接口技术》，科学出版社，2005年2月第1版；
5、 张荣标主编：《微型计算机原理与接口技术》，机械工业出版社，2005年1月第1版。执笔人：刘光达
一、 课程性质、目的与任务
《微机原理与接口技术》是高等院校计算机、自控、通信、测量等学科开设的主干基础课程之一，是我校测控技术与仪器、电气工程及其自动化专业本科生必修的专业基础课。本课程的目的是使学生深入理解微处理器的内部组织结构和外部接口电路的特点，掌握计算机汇编语言，学会基本的基于微处理器的计算机系统的设计方法。
通过本课程的学习，并配合课程实验教学，同学们可以在掌握微型计算机系统的组成结构和工作原理的基础上，具备基本的汇编语言程序设计能力，能够开发针对各种外部设备的应用系统。
二、 教学基本要求
1．掌握一般微处理器的内部组织结构，包括基本微处理器芯片8086/8088的硬件特性，了解高级奔腾系列微处理器的先进性能；
2． 在掌握微处理器数据传送、算术和逻辑运算，以及程序控制指令等内容的基础上，对微处理器汇编程序设计中有关编辑、编译和连接的内容，包括C语言和汇编语言的嵌套应用等，有比较全面的理解；
3．掌握各种存储器芯片的性能特点和译码驱动原理；
4．掌握主要I/O接口芯片的工作原理及其与微处理器的接口设计知识；
5．系统掌握中断控制技术和计算机存储器DMA操作的有关知识；
6．掌握计算机系统总线接口，包括ISA、PCI、USB，和AGP接口的特点，初步学会总线接口扩展的设计方法；
7．发挥本课程实际应用性鲜明的特点，将基本理论知识与实际应用内容相结合，培养和提高学生解决实际问题的能力，使同学们在完成本课程的学习之后，能够进行基于微处理器的计算机系统的软、硬件设计。
三、 各章节内容及学时分配
Chapter 1 Introduction to the Microprocessor and Computer（2 hours）
Objectives and Requirements
This chapter introduces an overview of the Intel family of microprocessors. Upon completion of the contents, you should be able to describe the function of the microprocessor and detail its basic operation.
Contents
Section 1: The historical background
Section 2: The microprocessor–based personal computer system
a. The memory: TPA, system area, and XMS;
b. I/O space.
Chapter 2 The Microprocessor and its Architecture（8 hours）
Objectives and Requirements
This chapter presents the microprocessor’s internal programming model and its addressing modes. Upon completion of the contents, you should be able to:
a. Describe the function and purpose of each program-visible register in the 8086-80486 and Pentium series microprocessors;
b. Detail the flag register and the purpose of each flag bit;
c. Describe how memory is accessed using real mode and protected mode memory-addressing techniques.
Contents
Section 1: Internal microprocessor architecture
a. The programming model;
b. Multipurpose registers;
c. Special-purpose registers;
d. Segment registers.
Section 2: Real mode memory addressing
a. Segments and offsets;
b. Default segment and offset registers.
Section 3: Protected mode memory addressing
a. Selectors and descriptors;
b. Program-invisible registers.
Section 4: Memory paging
a. Paging registers;
b. The page directory and page table.
Chapter 3 Addressing Modes（8 hours）
Objectives and Requirements
In this chapter, theMOVinstruction is used to describe the data-addressing modes. TheCALLandJUMPinstructions, as well as the operation of the stack memory are also included in the chapter. Upon completion of the contents, you should be able to:
a. Explain the operation of each data-addressing mode;
b. Use the program memory-addressing modes to form assembly and machine language statements;
c. Detail the difference between addressing memory data using real mode and protected mode operation.
Contents
Section 1: Data-addressing modes
Section 2: Program memory-addressing modes
a. Direct program memory addressing;
b. Relative program memory addressing;
c. Indirect program memory addressing.
Section 3: Stack memory-addressing modes
a. ThePUSHandPOPinstructions;
b. Other stack instructions.
Chapter 4 Data Movement Instructions（6 hours）
Objectives and Requirements
In this chapter, the data movement instructions and the string instructions are discussed. In addition, the microprocessor assembler programMASMis also presented. Upon completion of the contents, you should be able to:
a. Explain the operation of each data movement instruction with applicable modes;
b. Explain the purposes of the assembly language pseudo-operations and key words;
c. Use the assembler to set up a data segment, stack segment, and code segment.
Contents
Section 1: MOV revisited
Section 2: Load-effective address
Section 3: String data transfers
Section 4: Miscellaneous data transfer instructions
Section 5: Segment override prefix
Chapter 5 Arithmetic and Logic Instructions（4 hours）
Objectives and Requirements
This chapter discusses the arithmetic and logic instructions, as well as the string comparison instructions. Upon completion of the contents, you should be able to:
a. Use arithmetic and logic instructions to accomplish simple binary, BCD, and ASCII arithmetic;
b. UseAND,OR, andExclusive-ORto accomplish binary bit manipulation.
Contents
Section 1: Addition, subtraction, and comparison
Section 2: Multiplication and division
Section 3: BCD and ASCII arithmetic
Section 4:Basic logic instructions
Section 5: Shift and rotate
Section 6: String comparisons
Chapter 6 Program Control Instructions（4 hours）
Objectives and Requirements
This chapter explains the program control instructions. Upon completion of the contents, you should be able to:
a. Use both conditional and unconditional jump instructions to control the flow of a program;
b. Use the relational assembly language statements in programs;
c. Use the call and return instructions to include procedures in the program structure.
Contents
Section 1: The jump group
a. Unconditional jump;
b. Conditional jumps and conditional sets.
Section 2: Controlling the flow of an assembly language program
a. DO-WHILE;
b. REPEAT-UNTIL.
Section 3: Procedures
Section 4: Introduction to interrupts
Section 5: Machine control and miscellaneous instructions
Chapter 7 Programming the Microprocessor（4 hours）
Objectives and Requirements
This chapter develops programs and programming techniques using the MASM macro assembler program, the DOS function calls, and the BIOS functions. Upon completion of the contents, you should be able to:
a. Use the MASM assembler and linker program to create programs that contains more than one module;
b. Write and useMACROandENDMto develop macro sequences used with liner programming;
c. Develop programs using DOS function calls.
Contents
Section 1: Modular programming
a. The assembler and linker;
b. Macros.
Section 2: Using the keyboard and video display
Chapter 8 Using Assembly Language with C/C++（6 hours）
Objectives and Requirements
This chapter develops the idea of mixing assembly language with C/C++. Upon completion of the contents, you should be able to:
a. Use assembly language in _ASM blocks within C/C++;
b. Use common C/C++ data and structures with assembly language;
c. Use assembly language objects with C/C++ programs.
Contents
Section 1: Using assembly language with C/C++ for 16-bit applications
a. Basic rules;
b. What cannot be used from MASM inside an _asm block;
c. Using character string or data structures.
Section 2: Using assembly language with C/C++ for 16-bit applications
Section 2: Using assembly language with C/C++ for 32-bit applications
Section 4: Separate assembly objects
a. Linking assembly language with Visual C;
b. Adding new assembly language instructions to C/C++ programs.
Chapter 9 8086/8088 Hardware Specifications（8 hours）
Objectives and Requirements
This chapter describes the pin functions of both 8086 and 8088 microprocessors and provides details on the following hardware topics: clock generation, bus buffering, bus latching, timing, wait states, and minimum mode operation versus maximum mode operation. Upon completion of the contents, you should be able to:
c. Describe the function of each 8086 and 8088 pin;
d. Use the clock generator chip (8284A) to provide the clock for the microprocessor;
e. Connect buffers and latches to the buses.
Contents
Section 1: Pin-outs and the pin functions
Section 2: Clock generator (8284A)
a. Pin functions;
b. Operation of the 8284A;
c. Operation of the clock section;
d. Operation of the reset section.
Section 3: Bus buffering and latching
a. Demultiplexing the buses:
b. Demultiplexing the 8088;
c. Demultiplexing the 8086.
Section 4: Bus timing
Section 5: Ready and the wait state
a. TheREADYinput;
b. RDYand the 8284A.
Section 6: Minimum mode versus maximum mode
Chapter 10 Memory Interface（8 hours）
Objectives and Requirements
Almost all microprocessor-based computer systems contain two main types of memory: read-only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM) or read/write memory. This chapter explains how to interface both memory types to the Intel family of microprocessors. Upon completion of the contents, you should be able to:
Decode the memory address and use the outputs of the decoder to select various memory components;
Explain how to interface both RAM and ROM to a microprocessor;
Interface memory to an 8-, 16-, 32-, and 64-bit data bus;
Explain the operation of a dynamic RAM controller.
Section 1: Memory devices
a. Memory pin connections;
b. ROM memory;
c. Static RAM (SRAM) devices;
d. Dynamic RAM (DRAM) memory.
Section 2: Address decoding
a. Simple NAND gate decoder;
b. The 3-to-8 line decoder (74LS138);
c. The dual 2-to-4 line decoder (74LS139);
d. PROM address decoder;
e. PLD programmable decoders.
Section 3: 8088 and 80188 (8-bit) memory interface
Section 4: 8086 and 80186, 80286, and 80386SX (16-bit) memory interface
Section 5: 80386DX and 80486 (32-bit) memory interface
Section 6: Pentium series (64-bit) memory interface
Chapter 11 Basic I/O Interface（14 hours）
Objectives and Requirements
This chapter outlines some of the basic methods of communications, both serial and parallel, between humans or machines and the microprocessor. Upon completion of the contents, you should be able to:
a. Explain the operation of the basic input and output interfaces;
b. Decode an 8-, 16-, and 32-bit I/O device so that they can be used at any I/O port address;
c. Interface and program the 82C55, 8279, 16550, 8254 programmable interface components;
d. Interface an analogue-to-digital converter and a digital-to-analog converter to the microprocessor.
Contents
Section 1: Introduction to I/O interface
Section 2: I/O port address decoding
a. Decoding 8-bit I/O addresses;
b. Decoding 16-bit I/O addresses;
c. 8- and 16-bit I/O ports;
d. 32-bit wide I/O ports.
Section 3: The programmable peripheral interface
a. Basic description of the 82C55;
b. Programming the 82C55.
Section 4: The 8279 programmable keyboard/display interface
a. Basic description of the 8279;
b. Interfacing the 8279 to the microprocessor.
Section 5: 8254 Programmable interval timer
a. 8254 function description;
b. Programming the 8254.
Section 6: 16550 programmable communications interface
a. 16550 functional description;
b. Programming the 16550.
Section 7: Analog-to-digital (ADC) and digital-to-analog (DAC) converter
a. The DAC0830 digital-to-analog;
b. The ADC080X Analog-to-digital;
c. Using the ADC080X and the DAC0830.
Chapter 12 Interrupts（8 hours）
Objectives and Requirements
In this chapter, we expand our coverage of basic I/O and programmable peripheral interfaces by examining a technique called interrupt-processed I/O, and provide examples and a detailed explanation of the interrupt structure of the entire Intel of microprocessor. Upon completion of the contents, you should be able to:
a. Explain the interrupt structure of the Intel family of microprocessors;
b. Explain the operation of software interrupt instructionsINT,INTO,INT 3, andBOUND;
c. Develop interrupt-service procedures;
d. Expand the interrupt structure of the microprocessor by using the 8259A programmable interrupt controller and other techniques.
Section 1: Basic interrupt processing
a. Interrupt instructions:BOUND,INTO,INT,INT 3, andIRET;
b. The operation of a real mode interrupt;
c. Operation of a protected mode interrupt;
d. Storing an interrupt vector in the vector table.
Section 2: Hardware interrupts
Section 3: Expanding the interrupt structure
a. Using the 74LS244 to expand;
b. Daisy-chained interrupt.
Section 4: 8259A programmable interrupt controller
a. General description of the 8259A;
b. Programming the 8259A.
Section 5: Interrupt examples
Chapter 13 Direct Memory Access and DMA-controlled I/O（4 hours）
Objectives and Requirements
In this chapter, we discuss the final form of I/O calleddirect memory access(DMA). The DMA I/O technique provides direct access to the memory while the microprocessor is temporarily disabled.Upon completion of the contents, you should be able to:
a. Describe a DMA transfer;
b. Explain the function of the 8237 DMA controller when used for DMA transfers;
c. Program the 8237 to accomplish DMA transfers.
Section 1: Basic DMA operation
Section 2: The 8237 DMA controller
a. Software command;
b. Programming the address and count register;
c. The 8237 connected to the 80X86 microprocessor.
Chapter 14 Bus Interface（6 hours）
Objectives and Requirements
This chapter presents the ISA (industry standard architecture) bus, the PCI (peripheral component interconnect) bus, the USB (universal serial bus), and the AGP (advanced graphics port).Upon completion of the contents, you should be able to:
a. Detail the pin connections and signal bus connections on the ISA, and PCI;
b. Develop simple interfaces that connect to the ISA, and PCI buses;
c. Describe the operation of the USB;
d. Explain how the AGP increases the efficiency of the graphics subsystem.
Section 1: The ISA bus
a. The 8-bit ISA bus output interface;
b. The 8-bit ISA bus input interface.
Section 2: The peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus
a. The PCI bus pin-out;
b. The PCI address/data connections.
Section 3: The universal serial bus (USB)
a. The connector;
b. USB data;
c. USB command.
Section 4: The accelerated graphics port (AGP)
Chapter 15 The Pentium Series Microprocessors (6 hours)
Objectives and Requirements
This chapter introduces the Pentium, Pentium Pro and Pentium 4 microprocessors. Compared with the 80486, the Pentium series microprocessors have an improved cache structure, a wider data bus width, a faster numeric coprocessor, a dual integer processor, and branch prediction logic.Upon completion of the contents, you should be able to:
a. Describe the organization and interface of the 64-bit wide Pentium memory system and its variations;
b. Detail the improvements in the Pentium series microprocessors when compared with the 80486;
c. Explain how the dynamic execution architecture of the Pentium series microprocessors.
Section 1: Introduction to the Pentium series microprocessors
a. Pentium;
b. Pentium Pro;
c. Pentium 4;
d. The memory system;
e. The input/output system.
Section 2: Special Pentium registers
a. Control registers;
b. EFLAG registers.
Section 3: The memory system
Section 4: Software changes
四、 考核方式：考试（闭卷）
